These controversies regarding the relationships amongst citizenship pressure, OCBs and CCBs might be due to the ways that OCBs are measured. Within the literature, OCBs have often been described as spontaneous behaviours and rated by colleagues or leaders (e.g.two). Other-rated measurements are unable to detect the behavioural motivations fundamental OCBs1,11. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/ZsO9iQ1SGS4